解決主庫問題
主庫問題重現(xiàn)
回到公司一看,斷電的是公司的消息服務(wù)子系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫,數(shù)據(jù)庫共3臺,一種兩從,并采用了分庫分表的方式存儲數(shù)據(jù)。我首先把三臺服務(wù)器啟動好,發(fā)現(xiàn)主數(shù)據(jù)庫的進程無法啟動,兩臺從數(shù)據(jù)庫同步主庫數(shù)據(jù)的狀態(tài)異常。按照順序,我先看主數(shù)據(jù)庫的日志信息,發(fā)現(xiàn)MySQL的錯誤日志中輸出了如下信息。
-----------------------------------------161108 23:36:45 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with
databases from /usr/local/mysql/var2021-02-28 23:36:46 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT
value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2021-02-28 23:36:46
7f11c48e1720 InnoDB: Warning: Using innodb_additional_mem_pool_size is DEPRECATED. This option may be
removed in future releases, together with the option innodb_use_sys_malloc and with the InnoDB's
internal memory allocator.2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer
pool pages2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2021-02-28
23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497
[Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables
use zlib 1.2.32021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 16.0M2021-02-28 23:36:46 5497 [Note] InnoDB:
Completed initialization of buffer poolInnoDB: Database page corruption on disk or a failedInnoDB:
file read of page 5.InnoDB: You may have to recover from a backup.2021-02-28 23:36:46 7f11c48e1720
InnoDB: Page dump in ascii and hex (16384 bytes): len 16384; hex
7478d078000000050000000000000000000000000f271f4d000700000000000000000000000000000000001b4000000000000
000000200f20000000000000006000000000000002d000000000000002e000000000000002f0000000000000030000000000(
省略很多類似代碼)InnoDB: End of page dump2021-02-28 23:36:46 7f11c48e1720 InnoDB: uncompressed page,
stored checksum in field1 1954074744, calculated checksums for field1: crc32 993334256, innodb
2046145943, none 3735928559, stored checksum in field2 1139795846, calculated checksums for field2:
crc32 993334256, innodb 1606613742, none 3735928559, page LSN 0 254222157, low 4 bytes of LSN at page end 254221236, page number (if stored to page already) 5, space id (if created with >= MySQL-4.1.1
and stored already) 0InnoDB: Page may be a transaction system pageInnoDB: Database page corruption on disk or a failedInnoDB: file read of page 5.InnoDB: You may have to recover from a backup.InnoDB: It
is also possible that your operatingInnoDB: system has corrupted its own file cacheInnoDB: and
rebooting your computer removes theInnoDB: error.InnoDB: If the corrupt page is an index pageInnoDB:
you can also try to fix the corruptionInnoDB: by dumping, dropping, and reimportingInnoDB: the
corrupt table. You can use CHECKInnoDB: TABLE to scan your table for corruption.InnoDB: See also
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.htmlInnoDB: about forcing
recovery.InnoDB: Ending processing because of a corrupt database page.2021-02-28 23:36:46
7f11c48e1720 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 139714288817952 in file buf0buf.cc line 4201InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap.InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to
http://bugs.mysql.com.InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, evenInnoDB:
immediately after the mysqld startup, there may beInnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer toInnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.htmlInnoDB: about
forcing recovery.03:36:46 UTC - mysqld got signal 6 ;This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binaryor one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly
built,or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.We will try our best
to scrape up some info that will hopefully helpdiagnose the problem, but since we have already
crashed,something is definitely wrong and this may
fail.key_buffer_size=16777216read_buffer_size=262144max_used_connections=0max_threads=1000thread_coun
t=0connection_count=0It is possible that mysqld could use up tokey_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size +
sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 798063 K bytes of memoryHope that's ok; if not, decrease some
variables in the equation.Thread pointer: 0x0Attempting backtrace. You can use the following
information to find outwhere mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something wentterribly
wrong...stack_bottom = 0 thread_stack 0x40000/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x35)
[0x8e64b5]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x41b)
[0x652fbb]/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0xf7e0)[0x7f11c44c77e0]/lib64/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35)
[0x7f11c315d625]/lib64/libc.so.6(abort+0x175)
[0x7f11c315ee05]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa585c5]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa6c7b4]/usr/local/
mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa6cbc7]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa5bce2]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa1e2ba]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0xa0bf60]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0x95a427]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld(_Z24ha_initialize_handlertonP13st_plugin_int+0x48)
[0x58f788]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0x6e4a36]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld(_Z11plugin_initPiPPci+0xb3e)
[0x6e826e]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0x582d85]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld(_Z11mysqld_mainiPPc+0x4d8)
[0x587d18]/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd)
[0x7f11c3149d5d]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld[0x57a019]The manual page at
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html containsinformation that should help you find out
what is causing the crash.161108 23:36:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file
/usr/local/mysql/var/VM_241_49_centos.pid
ended------------------------------------------------------------------------------
主庫問題分析
從日志中可以看出是innodb引擎出了問題。日志里提示到 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html查看強制恢復(fù)的方法。在mysql的配置文件my.cnf里找到 [mysqld]字段下,添加 innodb_force_recovery=1:
[mysqld]innodb_force_recovery = 1
如果innodb_force_recovery = 1不生效,則可嘗試2——6幾個數(shù)字
然后重啟mysql,重啟成功。然后使用mysqldump或 pma 導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù),執(zhí)行修復(fù)操作等。修復(fù)完成后,把該參數(shù)注釋掉,還原默認(rèn)值0。
配置文件的參數(shù):innodb_force_recovery
innodb_force_recovery影響整個InnoDB存儲引擎的恢復(fù)狀況。默認(rèn)為0,表示當(dāng)需要恢復(fù)時執(zhí)行所有的恢復(fù)操作(即校驗數(shù)據(jù)頁/purge undo/insert buffer merge/rolling back&forward),當(dāng)不能進行有效的恢復(fù)操作時,mysql有可能無法啟動,并記錄錯誤日志;
innodb_force_recovery可以設(shè)置為1-6,大的數(shù)字包含前面所有數(shù)字的影響。當(dāng)設(shè)置參數(shù)值大于0后,可以對表進行select,create,drop操作,但insert,update或者delete這類操作是不允許的。
-
(SRV_FORCE_IGNORE_CORRUPT):忽略檢查到的corrupt頁。
-
(SRV_FORCE_NO_BACKGROUND):阻止主線程的運行,如主線程需要執(zhí)行full purge操作,會導(dǎo)致crash。
-
(SRV_FORCE_NO_TRX_UNDO):不執(zhí)行事務(wù)回滾操作。
-
(SRV_FORCE_NO_IBUF_MERGE):不執(zhí)行插入緩沖的合并操作。
-
(SRV_FORCE_NO_UNDO_LOG_SCAN):不查看重做日志,InnoDB存儲引擎會將未提交的事務(wù)視為已提交。
-
(SRV_FORCE_NO_LOG_REDO):不執(zhí)行前滾的操作。
主庫解決方案
一般修復(fù)方法參考:
第一種方法
建立一張新表:
create table demo_bak #和原表結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,只是把INNODB改成了MYISAM。
把數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)進去
insert into demo_bak select * from demo;
刪除掉原表:
drop table demo;
注釋掉 innodb_force_recovery 之后,重啟。
重命名:
rename table demo_bak to demo;
最后改回存儲引擎:
alter table demo engine = innodb
第二種方法
另一個方法是使用mysqldump將表格導(dǎo)出,然后再導(dǎo)回到InnoDB表中。這兩種方法的結(jié)果是相同的。備份導(dǎo)出(包括結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)):
mysqldump -uroot -p123 test > test.sql
還原方法1:
use test;source test.sql
還原方法2(系統(tǒng)命令行):
mysql -uroot -p123 test < test.sql;
注意,CHECK TABLE命令在InnoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫中基本上是沒有用的。
第三種方法
(1)配置my.cnf
配置innodb_force_recovery = 1或2——6幾個數(shù)字,重啟MySQL
(2)導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)腳本
mysqldump -uroot -p123 test > test.sql
導(dǎo)出SQL腳本?;蛘哂肗avicat將所有數(shù)據(jù)庫/表導(dǎo)入到其他服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)庫中。注意:這里的數(shù)據(jù)一定要備份成功。然后刪除原數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)。
(3)刪除ib_logfile0、ib_logfile1、ibdata1
備份MySQL數(shù)據(jù)目錄下的ib_logfile0、ib_logfile1、ibdata1三個文件,然后將這三個文件刪除
(4)配置my.cnf
將my.cnf中innodb_force_recovery = 1或2——6幾個數(shù)字這行配置刪除或者配置為innodb_force_recovery = 0,重啟MySQL服務(wù)
(5)將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql -uroot -p123 test < test.sql; 或者用Navicat將備份的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
此種方法下要注意的問題:
-
ib_logfile0、ib_logfile1、ibdata1這三個文件一定要先備份后刪除;
-
一定要確認(rèn)原數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出成功了
-
當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出成功后,刪除原數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)時,如果提示不能刪除,可在命令行進入MySQL的數(shù)據(jù)目錄,手動刪除相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫的文件夾或者數(shù)據(jù)庫文件夾下的數(shù)據(jù)表文件,前提是數(shù)據(jù)一定導(dǎo)出或備份成功。
這里,我使用的是第三種方法恢復(fù)了主數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)。
接下來,我們再來看看從數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù)。
解決從庫問題
主從復(fù)制原理
這里,我就簡單的說下MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的主從復(fù)制原理。
MySQL主從復(fù)制原理,也稱為A/B原理。
(1) Master 將數(shù)據(jù)改變記錄到二進制日志(binary log)中,也就是配置文件 log-bin 指定的文件, 這些記錄叫做二進制日志事件(binary log events);
(2) Slave 通過 I/O 線程讀取 Master 中的 binary log events 并寫入到它的中繼日志(relay log);
(3) Slave 重做中繼日志中的事件,把中繼日志中的事件信息一條一條的在本地執(zhí)行一次,完 成數(shù)據(jù)在本地的存儲,從而實現(xiàn)將改變反映到它自己的數(shù)據(jù)(數(shù)據(jù)重放)。
復(fù)制過濾可以讓你只復(fù)制服務(wù)器中的一部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),有兩種復(fù)制過濾:
(1) 在 Master 上過濾二進制日志中的事件;
(2) 在 Slave 上過濾中繼日志中的事件。如下:
relay_log配置中繼日志,log_slave_updates表示slave將復(fù)制事件 寫進自己的二進制日志.當(dāng)設(shè)置log_slave_updates時,你可以讓slave扮演其它slave的master.此時,slave把sql線程執(zhí)行的事件寫進自己的二進制日志(binary log)然后,它的slave可以獲取這些事件并執(zhí)行它。如下圖所示(發(fā)送復(fù)制事件到其它的Slave):
從庫問題重現(xiàn)
恢復(fù)主庫的數(shù)據(jù)后,向主庫中插入了一批測試數(shù)據(jù),大概有1000條,但是插入數(shù)據(jù)后,從庫遲遲沒有將數(shù)據(jù)同步過來。于是我先登錄主庫,執(zhí)行如下命令。
mysql>show processlist;
查看下進程是否Sleep太多。發(fā)現(xiàn)很正常。
再查看下主庫的狀態(tài)。
show master status;
也正常。
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ | mysqld-bin.000001 | 3260 | | mysql,test,information_schema |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
再到從庫上查看從庫的狀態(tài)。
mysql> show slave status\G
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
發(fā)現(xiàn)是Slave不同步了。這里,如果主從數(shù)據(jù)庫版本一致或不一致又會存在兩種解決方案。
主從版本一致解決方案
下面介紹兩種解決方法
方法一:忽略錯誤后,繼續(xù)同步
該方法適用于主從庫數(shù)據(jù)相差不大,或者要求數(shù)據(jù)可以不完全統(tǒng)一的情況,數(shù)據(jù)要求不嚴(yán)格的情況
解決:
stop slave; #表示跳過一步錯誤,后面的數(shù)字可變 set global sql_slave_skip_counter =1; start slave;
之后再用mysql> show slave status\G 查看
mysql> show slave status\G
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
ok,現(xiàn)在主從同步狀態(tài)正常了。。。
方式二:重新做主從,完全同步
該方法適用于主從庫數(shù)據(jù)相差較大,或者要求數(shù)據(jù)完全統(tǒng)一的情況
解決步驟如下:
(1)先進入主庫,進行鎖表,防止數(shù)據(jù)寫入
使用命令:
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
注意:該處是鎖定為只讀狀態(tài),語句不區(qū)分大小寫
(2)進行數(shù)據(jù)備份
#把數(shù)據(jù)備份到mysql.bak.sql文件
mysqldump -uroot -p -hlocalhost > mysql.bak.sql
這里注意一點:數(shù)據(jù)庫備份一定要定期進行,可以用shell腳本或者python腳本,都比較方便,確保數(shù)據(jù)萬無一失。
(3)查看master 狀態(tài)
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ | mysqld-bin.000001 | 3260 | | mysql,test,information_schema |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(4)把mysql備份文件傳到從庫機器,進行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)
scp mysql.bak.sql root@192.168.128.101:/tmp/
(5)停止從庫的狀態(tài)
mysql> stop slave;
(6)然后到從庫執(zhí)行mysql命令,導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)備份
mysql> source /tmp/mysql.bak.sql
(7)設(shè)置從庫同步,注意該處的同步點,就是主庫show master status信息里的| File| Position兩項
change master to master_host = '192.168.128.100', master_user = 'rsync', master_port=3306, master_password='', master_log_file = 'mysqld-bin.000001', master_log_pos=3260;
(8)重新開啟從同步
mysql> start slave;
(9)查看同步狀態(tài)
mysql> show slave status\G
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
(10)回到主庫并執(zhí)行如下命令解除表鎖定。
UNLOCK TABLES;
如果主從數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本是一致的,以上述方式回復(fù)從數(shù)據(jù)庫是沒啥問題的,如果主從數(shù)據(jù)庫版本不一致的話,以上述方式回復(fù)主從數(shù)據(jù)庫可能還會存在問題。
主從版本不一致解決方案
如果MySQL主庫和從庫的版本不一致時,使用 show slave status \G命令查看從庫狀態(tài)時可能會看到如下所示的信息。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
……
Last_Errno: 1755
Last_Error: Cannot execute the current event group in the parallel mode. Encountered event Gtid, relay-log name ./mysql-relay.000002, position 123321 which prevents execution of this event group in parallel mode. Reason: The master event is logically timestamped incorrectly...
注意如下的輸出信息。
Last_Errno: 1755
Last_Error: Cannot execute the current event group in the parallel mode. Encountered event Gtid, relay-log name ./mysql-relay.000002, position 123321 which prevents execution of this event group in parallel mode. Reason: The master event is logically timestamped incorrectly...
這是由于主庫使用的是MySQL5.6,從庫使用的是MySQL5.7,數(shù)據(jù)庫版本不一致引起的。
從MySQL官網(wǎng)搜索1755的報錯看到是并行復(fù)制bug導(dǎo)致的報錯。想要解決的辦法也很簡單,直接關(guān)掉并行復(fù)制即可。
stop slave; set global slave_parallel_workers=0; start slave;
如果從庫還是存在問題,則可按照主從版本一致的方案來恢復(fù)從庫的數(shù)據(jù)。
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