Qt Canvas 3D是Qt 基于WebGL的3D內(nèi)容運(yùn)行環(huán)境。由于QtQuick本身就是通過類js引擎執(zhí)行，而且渲染層面基于opengl技術(shù)。故結(jié)合webgL和Qtquick的優(yōu)勢，利用js高效的特點(diǎn)，給Qtquick增加了3d功能。而且Qt Canvas 3D還可以利用成熟的web 3d框架，如three.js、gl-matrix.js等，大大方便了利用QtQuick編寫3d內(nèi)容。Qt Canvas 3D是由官方支持，比Qt3D模塊較成熟。至于兩者性能上的差異尚待對比。

最新版QtCreater支持在創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目時(shí)指定Qt Canvas 3D應(yīng)用，下面我們通過該方式創(chuàng)建一個(gè)默認(rèn)應(yīng)用，學(xué)習(xí)其結(jié)構(gòu)組成。通過QtCreater創(chuàng)建一個(gè)使用three.js的應(yīng)用。

main.cpp

#include?#include?int?main(int?argc,?char?*argv[])
{
????QGuiApplication?app(argc,?argv);

????QQmlApplicationEngine?engine;
????engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));

????return?app.exec();
}

從上面可以看出，Canvas 3D應(yīng)用和普通qml應(yīng)用對于c++后端要求一致，沒有額外內(nèi)容，由下面qml代碼可知，Canvas3D即一個(gè)普通的QtQuick Item。

main.qml

import?QtQuick?2.4
import?QtCanvas3D?1.0
import?QtQuick.Window?2.2

import?"glcode.js"?as?GLCode

Window?{
????title:?qsTr("untitled1")
????width:?1280
????height:?768
????visible:?true

????Canvas3D?{
????????id:?canvas3d
????????anchors.fill:?parent
????????focus:?true

????????onInitializeGL:?{
????????????GLCode.initializeGL(canvas3d);
????????}

????????onPaintGL:?{
????????????GLCode.paintGL(canvas3d);
????????}

????????onResizeGL:?{
????????????GLCode.resizeGL(canvas3d);
????????}
????}
}

上述代碼通過Canvas3D元素定義了3d場景，當(dāng)場景初始化后會(huì)發(fā)送?initializeGL 信號，從而執(zhí)on?initializeGL 槽。實(shí)際的控制邏輯寫在了glcode.js中，通過槽函數(shù)將要操作的場景對象canvas3d傳給js代碼。

glcode.js首先導(dǎo)入three.js，然后實(shí)現(xiàn)了main.qml中對應(yīng)的3個(gè)槽對應(yīng)的函數(shù)功能。其語法和普通的three.js應(yīng)用區(qū)別不大，故一個(gè)基于html的three.js應(yīng)用可以很方便的移植到QtQuick中。

The?Canvas3D?is a QML element that, when placed in your Qt Quick 2 scene, allows you to get a 3D rendering context and call 3D rendering API calls through that context object. Use of the rendering API requires knowledge of OpenGL-like rendering APIs.

There are two functions that are called by the?Canvas3D?implementation:

initializeGL?is emitted before the first frame is rendered, and usually during that you get the 3D context and initialize resources to be used later on during the rendering cycle.

paintGL?is emitted for each frame to be rendered, and usually during that you submit 3D rendering calls to draw whatever 3D content you want to be displayed.

邏輯代碼

Qt.include("three.js")

var?camera,?scene,?renderer;
var?cube;

function?initializeGL(canvas)?{
????scene?=?new?THREE.Scene();
????//custom?begain
????camera?=?new?THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75,?canvas.width?/?canvas.height,?0.1,?1000);
????camera.position.z?=?5;

????var?material?=?new?THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({?color:?0x80c342,
???????????????????????????????????????????????????ambient:?0x000000,
???????????????????????????????????????????????????shading:?THREE.SmoothShading?});
????var?cubeGeometry?=?new?THREE.BoxGeometry(1,?1,?1);
????cube?=?new?THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry,?material);
????cube.rotation.set(0.785,?0.785,?0.0);
????scene.add(cube);

????//custom?end
????renderer?=?new?THREE.Canvas3DRenderer(
????????????????{?canvas:?canvas,?antialias:?true,?devicePixelRatio:?canvas.devicePixelRatio?});
????renderer.setSize(canvas.width,?canvas.height);
}

function?resizeGL(canvas)?{
????camera.aspect?=?canvas.width?/?canvas.height;
????camera.updateProjectionMatrix();

????renderer.setPixelRatio(canvas.devicePixelRatio);
????renderer.setSize(canvas.width,?canvas.height);
}

function?paintGL(canvas)?{
????renderer.render(scene,?camera);
}

從上述js代碼可以看出，resizeGL和paintGL一般默認(rèn)即可，不需要改動(dòng)，需要我們編寫的是initializeGL中//custom begain 和//custom end 之間的內(nèi)容。